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輸入／輸出系統－鍵盤

作者：
敲擊鍵盤有兩個方面的含義：動作和內容。
  • 動作可分為三類：按下、保持按住的狀態、放開
  • 內容則是鍵盤上不同的鍵。
敲擊鍵盤所產生的編碼被稱作掃描碼（Scan Code），它分為 Make Code 和 Break Code 兩類。
  • 當一個鍵被按下或者保持住按下時，將會產生 Make Code，當鍵盤彈起時，產生 Break Code。
  • 除了 Pause 鍵之外，每個按鍵都對應一個 Make Code 和一個 Break Code。
當 8048 檢測到一個鍵的動作後，會把相應的掃描碼發送給 8042，8042會把它轉換成相應的 Scan code set1 掃描碼，並將其放置在輸入緩衝區中，然後 8042 告訴 8259A 產生中斷（IRQ1）。如果此時鍵盤又有新的鍵被按下，8042 將不再接收，一直到緩衝區被清空，8042 才會收到更多的掃描碼。

程式碼

include/const.h

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                            const.h
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

#ifndef	_ORANGES_CONST_H_
#define	_ORANGES_CONST_H_


/* EXTERN */
#define	EXTERN	extern	/* EXTERN is defined as extern except in global.c */

/* 函數類型 */
#define	PUBLIC		/* PUBLIC is the opposite of PRIVATE */
#define	PRIVATE	static	/* PRIVATE x limits the scope of x */

/* Color */
/*
 * e.g. MAKE_COLOR(BLUE, RED)
 *      MAKE_COLOR(BLACK, RED) | BRIGHT
 *      MAKE_COLOR(BLACK, RED) | BRIGHT | FLASH
 */
#define BLACK   0x0     /* 0000 */
#define WHITE   0x7     /* 0111 */
#define RED     0x4     /* 0100 */
#define GREEN   0x2     /* 0010 */
#define BLUE    0x1     /* 0001 */
#define FLASH   0x80    /* 1000 0000 */
#define BRIGHT  0x08    /* 0000 1000 */
#define MAKE_COLOR(x,y) (x | y) /* MAKE_COLOR(Background,Foreground) */

/* GDT 和 IDT 中描述符的個數 */
#define	GDT_SIZE	128
#define	IDT_SIZE	256

/* 權限 */
#define	PRIVILEGE_KRNL	0
#define	PRIVILEGE_TASK	1
#define	PRIVILEGE_USER	3
/* RPL */
#define	RPL_KRNL	SA_RPL0
#define	RPL_TASK	SA_RPL1
#define	RPL_USER	SA_RPL3

/* 8259A interrupt controller ports. */
#define	INT_M_CTL	0x20	/* I/O port for interrupt controller         <Master> */
#define	INT_M_CTLMASK	0x21	/* setting bits in this port disables ints   <Master> */
#define	INT_S_CTL	0xA0	/* I/O port for second interrupt controller  <Slave>  */
#define	INT_S_CTLMASK	0xA1	/* setting bits in this port disables ints   <Slave>  */

/* 8253/8254 PIT (Programmable Interval Timer) */
#define TIMER0         0x40 /* I/O port for timer channel 0 */
#define TIMER_MODE     0x43 /* I/O port for timer mode control */
#define RATE_GENERATOR 0x34 /* 00-11-010-0 :
			     * Counter0 - LSB then MSB - rate generator - binary
			     */
#define TIMER_FREQ     1193182L/* clock frequency for timer in PC and AT */
#define HZ             100  /* clock freq (software settable on IBM-PC) */

/* AT keyboard */
/* 8042 ports */
#define KB_DATA		0x60	/* I/O port for keyboard data
					Read : Read Output Buffer
					Write: Write Input Buffer(8042 Data&8048 Command) */
#define KB_CMD		0x64	/* I/O port for keyboard command
					Read : Read Status Register
					Write: Write Input Buffer(8042 Command) */

/* Hardware interrupts */
#define	NR_IRQ		16	/* Number of IRQs */
#define	CLOCK_IRQ	0
#define	KEYBOARD_IRQ	1
#define	CASCADE_IRQ	2	/* cascade enable for 2nd AT controller */
#define	ETHER_IRQ	3	/* default ethernet interrupt vector */
#define	SECONDARY_IRQ	3	/* RS232 interrupt vector for port 2 */
#define	RS232_IRQ	4	/* RS232 interrupt vector for port 1 */
#define	XT_WINI_IRQ	5	/* xt winchester */
#define	FLOPPY_IRQ	6	/* floppy disk */
#define	PRINTER_IRQ	7
#define	AT_WINI_IRQ	14	/* at winchester */

/* system call */
#define NR_SYS_CALL     1

#endif /* _ORANGES_CONST_H_ */

include/keyboard.h

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                              keyboard.h
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                           Forrest Yu, December, 2003
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

#ifndef	_ORANGES_KEYBOARD_H_
#define	_ORANGES_KEYBOARD_H_


/************************************************************************/
/*                          Macros Declaration                          */
/************************************************************************/
#define	KB_IN_BYTES	32	/* size of keyboard input buffer */
#define MAP_COLS	3	/* Number of columns in keymap */
#define NR_SCAN_CODES	0x80	/* Number of scan codes (rows in keymap) */

#define FLAG_BREAK	0x0080		/* Break Code			*/
#define FLAG_EXT	0x0100		/* Normal function keys		*/
#define FLAG_SHIFT_L	0x0200		/* Shift key			*/
#define FLAG_SHIFT_R	0x0400		/* Shift key			*/
#define FLAG_CTRL_L	0x0800		/* Control key			*/
#define FLAG_CTRL_R	0x1000		/* Control key			*/
#define FLAG_ALT_L	0x2000		/* Alternate key		*/
#define FLAG_ALT_R	0x4000		/* Alternate key		*/
#define FLAG_PAD	0x8000		/* keys in num pad		*/

#define MASK_RAW	0x01FF		/* raw key value = code passed to tty & MASK_RAW
					   the value can be found either in the keymap column 0
					   or in the list below */

/* Special keys */
#define ESC		(0x01 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Esc		*/
#define TAB		(0x02 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Tab		*/
#define ENTER		(0x03 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Enter	*/
#define BACKSPACE	(0x04 + FLAG_EXT)	/* BackSpace	*/

#define GUI_L		(0x05 + FLAG_EXT)	/* L GUI	*/
#define GUI_R		(0x06 + FLAG_EXT)	/* R GUI	*/
#define APPS		(0x07 + FLAG_EXT)	/* APPS	*/

/* Shift, Ctrl, Alt */
#define SHIFT_L		(0x08 + FLAG_EXT)	/* L Shift	*/
#define SHIFT_R		(0x09 + FLAG_EXT)	/* R Shift	*/
#define CTRL_L		(0x0A + FLAG_EXT)	/* L Ctrl	*/
#define CTRL_R		(0x0B + FLAG_EXT)	/* R Ctrl	*/
#define ALT_L		(0x0C + FLAG_EXT)	/* L Alt	*/
#define ALT_R		(0x0D + FLAG_EXT)	/* R Alt	*/

/* Lock keys */
#define CAPS_LOCK	(0x0E + FLAG_EXT)	/* Caps Lock	*/
#define	NUM_LOCK	(0x0F + FLAG_EXT)	/* Number Lock	*/
#define SCROLL_LOCK	(0x10 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Scroll Lock	*/

/* Function keys */
#define F1		(0x11 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F1		*/
#define F2		(0x12 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F2		*/
#define F3		(0x13 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F3		*/
#define F4		(0x14 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F4		*/
#define F5		(0x15 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F5		*/
#define F6		(0x16 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F6		*/
#define F7		(0x17 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F7		*/
#define F8		(0x18 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F8		*/
#define F9		(0x19 + FLAG_EXT)	/* F9		*/
#define F10		(0x1A + FLAG_EXT)	/* F10		*/
#define F11		(0x1B + FLAG_EXT)	/* F11		*/
#define F12		(0x1C + FLAG_EXT)	/* F12		*/

/* Control Pad */
#define PRINTSCREEN	(0x1D + FLAG_EXT)	/* Print Screen	*/
#define PAUSEBREAK	(0x1E + FLAG_EXT)	/* Pause/Break	*/
#define INSERT		(0x1F + FLAG_EXT)	/* Insert	*/
#define DELETE		(0x20 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Delete	*/
#define HOME		(0x21 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Home		*/
#define END		(0x22 + FLAG_EXT)	/* End		*/
#define PAGEUP		(0x23 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Page Up	*/
#define PAGEDOWN	(0x24 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Page Down	*/
#define UP		(0x25 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Up		*/
#define DOWN		(0x26 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Down		*/
#define LEFT		(0x27 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Left		*/
#define RIGHT		(0x28 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Right	*/

/* ACPI keys */
#define POWER		(0x29 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Power	*/
#define SLEEP		(0x2A + FLAG_EXT)	/* Sleep	*/
#define WAKE		(0x2B + FLAG_EXT)	/* Wake Up	*/

/* Num Pad */
#define PAD_SLASH	(0x2C + FLAG_EXT)	/* /		*/
#define PAD_STAR	(0x2D + FLAG_EXT)	/* *		*/
#define PAD_MINUS	(0x2E + FLAG_EXT)	/* -		*/
#define PAD_PLUS	(0x2F + FLAG_EXT)	/* +		*/
#define PAD_ENTER	(0x30 + FLAG_EXT)	/* Enter	*/
#define PAD_DOT		(0x31 + FLAG_EXT)	/* .		*/
#define PAD_0		(0x32 + FLAG_EXT)	/* 0		*/
#define PAD_1		(0x33 + FLAG_EXT)	/* 1		*/
#define PAD_2		(0x34 + FLAG_EXT)	/* 2		*/
#define PAD_3		(0x35 + FLAG_EXT)	/* 3		*/
#define PAD_4		(0x36 + FLAG_EXT)	/* 4		*/
#define PAD_5		(0x37 + FLAG_EXT)	/* 5		*/
#define PAD_6		(0x38 + FLAG_EXT)	/* 6		*/
#define PAD_7		(0x39 + FLAG_EXT)	/* 7		*/
#define PAD_8		(0x3A + FLAG_EXT)	/* 8		*/
#define PAD_9		(0x3B + FLAG_EXT)	/* 9		*/
#define PAD_UP		PAD_8			/* Up		*/
#define PAD_DOWN	PAD_2			/* Down		*/
#define PAD_LEFT	PAD_4			/* Left		*/
#define PAD_RIGHT	PAD_6			/* Right	*/
#define PAD_HOME	PAD_7			/* Home		*/
#define PAD_END		PAD_1			/* End		*/
#define PAD_PAGEUP	PAD_9			/* Page Up	*/
#define PAD_PAGEDOWN	PAD_3			/* Page Down	*/
#define PAD_INS		PAD_0			/* Ins		*/
#define PAD_MID		PAD_5			/* Middle key	*/
#define PAD_DEL		PAD_DOT			/* Del		*/


/************************************************************************/
/*                         Stucture Definition                          */
/************************************************************************/
/* Keyboard structure, 1 per console. */
typedef struct s_kb {
	char*	p_head;			/* 指向緩衝區中下一個空閒位置 */
	char*	p_tail;			/* 指向鍵盤任務應處理的字節 */
	int	count;			/* 緩衝區中共有多少字節 */
	char	buf[KB_IN_BYTES];	/* 緩衝區 */
}KB_INPUT;



#endif /* _ORANGES_KEYBOARD_H_ */

include/keymap.h

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                              keymap.h
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                            Forrest Yu, January, 2004
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

/********************************************************************/
/*    "scan code" <--> "key" map.                                   */
/*    It should be and can only be included by keyboard.c!          */
/********************************************************************/

#ifndef	_ORANGES_KEYMAP_H_
#define	_ORANGES_KEYMAP_H_


/* Keymap for US MF-2 keyboard. */

u32 keymap[NR_SCAN_CODES * MAP_COLS] = {

/* scan-code			!Shift		Shift		E0 XX	*/
/* ==================================================================== */
/* 0x00 - none		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x01 - ESC		*/	ESC,		ESC,		0,
/* 0x02 - '1'		*/	'1',		'!',		0,
/* 0x03 - '2'		*/	'2',		'@',		0,
/* 0x04 - '3'		*/	'3',		'#',		0,
/* 0x05 - '4'		*/	'4',		'$',		0,
/* 0x06 - '5'		*/	'5',		'%',		0,
/* 0x07 - '6'		*/	'6',		'^',		0,
/* 0x08 - '7'		*/	'7',		'&',		0,
/* 0x09 - '8'		*/	'8',		'*',		0,
/* 0x0A - '9'		*/	'9',		'(',		0,
/* 0x0B - '0'		*/	'0',		')',		0,
/* 0x0C - '-'		*/	'-',		'_',		0,
/* 0x0D - '='		*/	'=',		'+',		0,
/* 0x0E - BS		*/	BACKSPACE,	BACKSPACE,	0,
/* 0x0F - TAB		*/	TAB,		TAB,		0,
/* 0x10 - 'q'		*/	'q',		'Q',		0,
/* 0x11 - 'w'		*/	'w',		'W',		0,
/* 0x12 - 'e'		*/	'e',		'E',		0,
/* 0x13 - 'r'		*/	'r',		'R',		0,
/* 0x14 - 't'		*/	't',		'T',		0,
/* 0x15 - 'y'		*/	'y',		'Y',		0,
/* 0x16 - 'u'		*/	'u',		'U',		0,
/* 0x17 - 'i'		*/	'i',		'I',		0,
/* 0x18 - 'o'		*/	'o',		'O',		0,
/* 0x19 - 'p'		*/	'p',		'P',		0,
/* 0x1A - '['		*/	'[',		'{',		0,
/* 0x1B - ']'		*/	']',		'}',		0,
/* 0x1C - CR/LF		*/	ENTER,		ENTER,		PAD_ENTER,
/* 0x1D - l. Ctrl	*/	CTRL_L,		CTRL_L,		CTRL_R,
/* 0x1E - 'a'		*/	'a',		'A',		0,
/* 0x1F - 's'		*/	's',		'S',		0,
/* 0x20 - 'd'		*/	'd',		'D',		0,
/* 0x21 - 'f'		*/	'f',		'F',		0,
/* 0x22 - 'g'		*/	'g',		'G',		0,
/* 0x23 - 'h'		*/	'h',		'H',		0,
/* 0x24 - 'j'		*/	'j',		'J',		0,
/* 0x25 - 'k'		*/	'k',		'K',		0,
/* 0x26 - 'l'		*/	'l',		'L',		0,
/* 0x27 - ';'		*/	';',		':',		0,
/* 0x28 - '\''		*/	'\'',		'"',		0,
/* 0x29 - '`'		*/	'`',		'~',		0,
/* 0x2A - l. SHIFT	*/	SHIFT_L,	SHIFT_L,	0,
/* 0x2B - '\'		*/	'\\',		'|',		0,
/* 0x2C - 'z'		*/	'z',		'Z',		0,
/* 0x2D - 'x'		*/	'x',		'X',		0,
/* 0x2E - 'c'		*/	'c',		'C',		0,
/* 0x2F - 'v'		*/	'v',		'V',		0,
/* 0x30 - 'b'		*/	'b',		'B',		0,
/* 0x31 - 'n'		*/	'n',		'N',		0,
/* 0x32 - 'm'		*/	'm',		'M',		0,
/* 0x33 - ','		*/	',',		'<',		0,
/* 0x34 - '.'		*/	'.',		'>',		0,
/* 0x35 - '/'		*/	'/',		'?',		PAD_SLASH,
/* 0x36 - r. SHIFT	*/	SHIFT_R,	SHIFT_R,	0,
/* 0x37 - '*'		*/	'*',		'*',    	0,
/* 0x38 - ALT		*/	ALT_L,		ALT_L,  	ALT_R,
/* 0x39 - ' '		*/	' ',		' ',		0,
/* 0x3A - CapsLock	*/	CAPS_LOCK,	CAPS_LOCK,	0,
/* 0x3B - F1		*/	F1,		F1,		0,
/* 0x3C - F2		*/	F2,		F2,		0,
/* 0x3D - F3		*/	F3,		F3,		0,
/* 0x3E - F4		*/	F4,		F4,		0,
/* 0x3F - F5		*/	F5,		F5,		0,
/* 0x40 - F6		*/	F6,		F6,		0,
/* 0x41 - F7		*/	F7,		F7,		0,
/* 0x42 - F8		*/	F8,		F8,		0,
/* 0x43 - F9		*/	F9,		F9,		0,
/* 0x44 - F10		*/	F10,		F10,		0,
/* 0x45 - NumLock	*/	NUM_LOCK,	NUM_LOCK,	0,
/* 0x46 - ScrLock	*/	SCROLL_LOCK,	SCROLL_LOCK,	0,
/* 0x47 - Home		*/	PAD_HOME,	'7',		HOME,
/* 0x48 - CurUp		*/	PAD_UP,		'8',		UP,
/* 0x49 - PgUp		*/	PAD_PAGEUP,	'9',		PAGEUP,
/* 0x4A - '-'		*/	PAD_MINUS,	'-',		0,
/* 0x4B - Left		*/	PAD_LEFT,	'4',		LEFT,
/* 0x4C - MID		*/	PAD_MID,	'5',		0,
/* 0x4D - Right		*/	PAD_RIGHT,	'6',		RIGHT,
/* 0x4E - '+'		*/	PAD_PLUS,	'+',		0,
/* 0x4F - End		*/	PAD_END,	'1',		END,
/* 0x50 - Down		*/	PAD_DOWN,	'2',		DOWN,
/* 0x51 - PgDown	*/	PAD_PAGEDOWN,	'3',		PAGEDOWN,
/* 0x52 - Insert	*/	PAD_INS,	'0',		INSERT,
/* 0x53 - Delete	*/	PAD_DOT,	'.',		DELETE,
/* 0x54 - Enter		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x55 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x56 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x57 - F11		*/	F11,		F11,		0,
/* 0x58 - F12		*/	F12,		F12,		0,
/* 0x59 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x5A - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x5B - ???		*/	0,		0,		GUI_L,
/* 0x5C - ???		*/	0,		0,		GUI_R,
/* 0x5D - ???		*/	0,		0,		APPS,
/* 0x5E - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x5F - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x60 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x61 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x62 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x63 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x64 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x65 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x66 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x67 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x68 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x69 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x6A - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x6B - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x6C - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x6D - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x6E - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x6F - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x70 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x71 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x72 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x73 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x74 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x75 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x76 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x77 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x78 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x78 - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x7A - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x7B - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x7C - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x7D - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x7E - ???		*/	0,		0,		0,
/* 0x7F - ???		*/	0,		0,		0
};


/*
	迴車鍵:	把光標移到第一列
	換行鍵:	把光標前進到下一行
*/


/*====================================================================================*
				Appendix: Scan code set 1
 *====================================================================================*

KEY	MAKE	BREAK	-----	KEY	MAKE	BREAK	-----	KEY	MAKE	BREAK
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A	1E	9E		9	0A	8A		[	1A	9A
B	30	B0		`	29	89		INSERT	E0,52	E0,D2
C	2E	AE		-	0C	8C		HOME	E0,47	E0,C7
D	20	A0		=	0D	8D		PG UP	E0,49	E0,C9
E	12	92		\	2B	AB		DELETE	E0,53	E0,D3
F	21	A1		BKSP	0E	8E		END	E0,4F	E0,CF
G	22	A2		SPACE	39	B9		PG DN	E0,51	E0,D1
H	23	A3		TAB	0F	8F		U ARROW	E0,48	E0,C8
I	17	97		CAPS	3A	BA		L ARROW	E0,4B	E0,CB
J	24	A4		L SHFT	2A	AA		D ARROW	E0,50	E0,D0
K	25	A5		L CTRL	1D	9D		R ARROW	E0,4D	E0,CD
L	26	A6		L GUI	E0,5B	E0,DB		NUM	45	C5
M	32	B2		L ALT	38	B8		KP /	E0,35	E0,B5
N	31	B1		R SHFT	36	B6		KP *	37	B7
O	18	98		R CTRL	E0,1D	E0,9D		KP -	4A	CA
P	19	99		R GUI	E0,5C	E0,DC		KP +	4E	CE
Q	10	19		R ALT	E0,38	E0,B8		KP EN	E0,1C	E0,9C
R	13	93		APPS	E0,5D	E0,DD		KP .	53	D3
S	1F	9F		ENTER	1C	9C		KP 0	52	D2
T	14	94		ESC	01	81		KP 1	4F	CF
U	16	96		F1	3B	BB		KP 2	50	D0
V	2F	AF		F2	3C	BC		KP 3	51	D1
W	11	91		F3	3D	BD		KP 4	4B	CB
X	2D	AD		F4	3E	BE		KP 5	4C	CC
Y	15	95		F5	3F	BF		KP 6	4D	CD
Z	2C	AC		F6	40	C0		KP 7	47	C7
0	0B	8B		F7	41	C1		KP 8	48	C8
1	02	82		F8	42	C2		KP 9	49	C9
2	03	83		F9	43	C3		]	1B	9B
3	04	84		F10	44	C4		;	27	A7
4	05	85		F11	57	D7		'	28	A8
5	06	86		F12	58	D8		,	33	B3

6	07	87		PRTSCRN	E0,2A	E0,B7		.	34	B4
					E0,37	E0,AA

7	08	88		SCROLL	46	C6		/	35	B5

8	09	89		PAUSE E1,1D,45	-NONE-
				      E1,9D,C5


-----------------
ACPI Scan Codes:
-------------------------------------------
Key		Make Code	Break Code
-------------------------------------------
Power		E0, 5E		E0, DE
Sleep		E0, 5F		E0, DF
Wake		E0, 63		E0, E3


-------------------------------
Windows Multimedia Scan Codes:
-------------------------------------------
Key		Make Code	Break Code
-------------------------------------------
Next Track	E0, 19		E0, 99
Previous Track	E0, 10		E0, 90
Stop		E0, 24		E0, A4
Play/Pause	E0, 22		E0, A2
Mute		E0, 20		E0, A0
Volume Up	E0, 30		E0, B0
Volume Down	E0, 2E		E0, AE
Media Select	E0, 6D		E0, ED
E-Mail		E0, 6C		E0, EC
Calculator	E0, 21		E0, A1
My Computer	E0, 6B		E0, EB
WWW Search	E0, 65		E0, E5
WWW Home	E0, 32		E0, B2
WWW Back	E0, 6A		E0, EA
WWW Forward	E0, 69		E0, E9
WWW Stop	E0, 68		E0, E8
WWW Refresh	E0, 67		E0, E7
WWW Favorites	E0, 66		E0, E6

*=====================================================================================*/



#endif /* _ORANGES_KEYMAP_H_ */

include/proc.h

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                               proc.h
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/


typedef struct s_stackframe {	/* proc_ptr points here				↑ Low			*/
	u32	gs;		/* ┓						│			*/
	u32	fs;		/* ┃						│			*/
	u32	es;		/* ┃						│			*/
	u32	ds;		/* ┃						│			*/
	u32	edi;		/* ┃						│			*/
	u32	esi;		/* ┣ pushed by save()				│			*/
	u32	ebp;		/* ┃						│			*/
	u32	kernel_esp;	/* <- 'popad' will ignore it			│			*/
	u32	ebx;		/* ┃						↑棧從高地址往低地址增長*/
	u32	edx;		/* ┃						│			*/
	u32	ecx;		/* ┃						│			*/
	u32	eax;		/* ┛						│			*/
	u32	retaddr;	/* return address for assembly code save()	│			*/
	u32	eip;		/*  ┓						│			*/
	u32	cs;		/*  ┃						│			*/
	u32	eflags;		/*  ┣ these are pushed by CPU during interrupt	│			*/
	u32	esp;		/*  ┃						│			*/
	u32	ss;		/*  ┛						┷High			*/
}STACK_FRAME;


typedef struct s_proc {
	STACK_FRAME regs;          /* process registers saved in stack frame */

	u16 ldt_sel;               /* gdt selector giving ldt base and limit */
	DESCRIPTOR ldts[LDT_SIZE]; /* local descriptors for code and data */

        int ticks;                 /* remained ticks */
        int priority;

	u32 pid;                   /* process id passed in from MM */
	char p_name[16];           /* name of the process */
}PROCESS;

typedef struct s_task {
	task_f	initial_eip;
	int	stacksize;
	char	name[32];
}TASK;


/* Number of tasks */
#define NR_TASKS	4

/* stacks of tasks */
#define STACK_SIZE_TTY		0x8000
#define STACK_SIZE_TESTA	0x8000
#define STACK_SIZE_TESTB	0x8000
#define STACK_SIZE_TESTC	0x8000

#define STACK_SIZE_TOTAL	(STACK_SIZE_TTY + \
				STACK_SIZE_TESTA + \
				STACK_SIZE_TESTB + \
				STACK_SIZE_TESTC)

include/proto.h

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                            proto.h
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

/* klib.asm */
PUBLIC void	out_byte(u16 port, u8 value);
PUBLIC u8	in_byte(u16 port);
PUBLIC void	disp_str(char * info);
PUBLIC void	disp_color_str(char * info, int color);

/* protect.c */
PUBLIC void	init_prot();
PUBLIC u32	seg2phys(u16 seg);

/* klib.c */
PUBLIC void	delay(int time);

/* kernel.asm */
void restart();

/* main.c */
void TestA();
void TestB();
void TestC();

/* i8259.c */
PUBLIC void put_irq_handler(int irq, irq_handler handler);
PUBLIC void spurious_irq(int irq);

/* clock.c */
PUBLIC void clock_handler(int irq);
PUBLIC void init_clock();

/* keyboard.c */
PUBLIC void init_keyboard();

/* tty.c */
PUBLIC void task_tty();
PUBLIC void in_process(u32 key);

/* 以下是系統調用相關 */

/* proc.c */
PUBLIC  int     sys_get_ticks();        /* sys_call */

/* syscall.asm */
PUBLIC  void    sys_call();             /* int_handler */
PUBLIC  int     get_ticks();

kernel/clock.c

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                               clock.c
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

#include "type.h"
#include "const.h"
#include "protect.h"
#include "proto.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "global.h"


/*======================================================================*
                           clock_handler
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void clock_handler(int irq)
{
	ticks++;
	p_proc_ready->ticks--;

	if (k_reenter != 0) {
		return;
	}

	if (p_proc_ready->ticks > 0) {
		return;
	}

	schedule();

}

/*======================================================================*
                              milli_delay
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void milli_delay(int milli_sec)
{
        int t = get_ticks();

        while(((get_ticks() - t) * 1000 / HZ) < milli_sec) {}
}

/*======================================================================*
                           init_clock
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void init_clock()
{
        /* 初始化 8253 PIT */
        out_byte(TIMER_MODE, RATE_GENERATOR);
        out_byte(TIMER0, (u8) (TIMER_FREQ/HZ) );
        out_byte(TIMER0, (u8) ((TIMER_FREQ/HZ) >> 8));

        put_irq_handler(CLOCK_IRQ, clock_handler);    /* 设定时钟中断处理程序 */
        enable_irq(CLOCK_IRQ);                        /* 让8259A可以接收时钟中断 */
}

kernel/global.c

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                            global.c
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

#define GLOBAL_VARIABLES_HERE

#include "type.h"
#include "const.h"
#include "protect.h"
#include "proto.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "global.h"


PUBLIC	PROCESS			proc_table[NR_TASKS];

PUBLIC	char			task_stack[STACK_SIZE_TOTAL];

PUBLIC	TASK	task_table[NR_TASKS] = {{task_tty, STACK_SIZE_TTY, "tty"},
					{TestA, STACK_SIZE_TESTA, "TestA"},
					{TestB, STACK_SIZE_TESTB, "TestB"},
					{TestC, STACK_SIZE_TESTC, "TestC"}};

PUBLIC	irq_handler		irq_table[NR_IRQ];

PUBLIC	system_call		sys_call_table[NR_SYS_CALL] = {sys_get_ticks};

kernel/keyboard.c

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                            keyboard.c
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

#include "type.h"
#include "const.h"
#include "protect.h"
#include "proto.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "global.h"
#include "keyboard.h"
#include "keymap.h"

PRIVATE KB_INPUT	kb_in;

PRIVATE	int	code_with_E0;
PRIVATE	int	shift_l;	/* l shift state */
PRIVATE	int	shift_r;	/* r shift state */
PRIVATE	int	alt_l;		/* l alt state	 */
PRIVATE	int	alt_r;		/* r left state	 */
PRIVATE	int	ctrl_l;		/* l ctrl state	 */
PRIVATE	int	ctrl_r;		/* l ctrl state	 */
PRIVATE	int	caps_lock;	/* Caps Lock	 */
PRIVATE	int	num_lock;	/* Num Lock	 */
PRIVATE	int	scroll_lock;	/* Scroll Lock	 */
PRIVATE	int	column;

PRIVATE u8	get_byte_from_kbuf();

/*======================================================================*
                            keyboard_handler
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void keyboard_handler(int irq)
{
	u8 scan_code = in_byte(KB_DATA);

	if (kb_in.count < KB_IN_BYTES) {
		*(kb_in.p_head) = scan_code;
		kb_in.p_head++;
		if (kb_in.p_head == kb_in.buf + KB_IN_BYTES) {
			kb_in.p_head = kb_in.buf;
		}
		kb_in.count++;
	}
}


/*======================================================================*
                           init_keyboard
*======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void init_keyboard()
{
	kb_in.count = 0;
	kb_in.p_head = kb_in.p_tail = kb_in.buf;

	shift_l	= shift_r = 0;
	alt_l	= alt_r   = 0;
	ctrl_l	= ctrl_r  = 0;

        put_irq_handler(KEYBOARD_IRQ, keyboard_handler);/*設定鍵盤中斷處理程序*/
        enable_irq(KEYBOARD_IRQ);                       /*開鍵盤中斷*/
}


/*======================================================================*
                           keyboard_read
*======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void keyboard_read()
{
	u8	scan_code;
	char	output[2];
	int	make;	/* 1: make;  0: break. */

	u32	key = 0;/* 用一個整型來表示一個鍵。比如，如果 Home 被按下，
			 * 則 key 值將為定義在 keyboard.h 中的 'HOME'。
			 */
	u32*	keyrow;	/* 指向 keymap[] 的某一行 */

	if(kb_in.count > 0){
		code_with_E0 = 0;

		scan_code = get_byte_from_kbuf();

		/* 下面開始解析掃描碼 */
		if (scan_code == 0xE1) {
			int i;
			u8 pausebrk_scode[] = {0xE1, 0x1D, 0x45,
					       0xE1, 0x9D, 0xC5};
			int is_pausebreak = 1;
			for(i=1;i<6;i++){
				if (get_byte_from_kbuf() != pausebrk_scode[i]) {
					is_pausebreak = 0;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (is_pausebreak) {
				key = PAUSEBREAK;
			}
		}
		else if (scan_code == 0xE0) {
			scan_code = get_byte_from_kbuf();

			/* PrintScreen 被按下 */
			if (scan_code == 0x2A) {
				if (get_byte_from_kbuf() == 0xE0) {
					if (get_byte_from_kbuf() == 0x37) {
						key = PRINTSCREEN;
						make = 1;
					}
				}
			}
			/* PrintScreen 被釋放 */
			if (scan_code == 0xB7) {
				if (get_byte_from_kbuf() == 0xE0) {
					if (get_byte_from_kbuf() == 0xAA) {
						key = PRINTSCREEN;
						make = 0;
					}
				}
			}
			/* 不是PrintScreen, 此時scan_code為0xE0緊跟的那個值. */
			if (key == 0) {
				code_with_E0 = 1;
			}
		}
		if ((key != PAUSEBREAK) && (key != PRINTSCREEN)) {
			/* 首先判斷Make Code 還是 Break Code */
			make = (scan_code & FLAG_BREAK ? 0 : 1);

			/* 先定位到 keymap 中的行 */
			keyrow = &keymap[(scan_code & 0x7F) * MAP_COLS];

			column = 0;
			if (shift_l || shift_r) {
				column = 1;
			}
			if (code_with_E0) {
				column = 2;
				code_with_E0 = 0;
			}

			key = keyrow[column];

			switch(key) {
			case SHIFT_L:
				shift_l = make;
				break;
			case SHIFT_R:
				shift_r = make;
				break;
			case CTRL_L:
				ctrl_l = make;
				break;
			case CTRL_R:
				ctrl_r = make;
				break;
			case ALT_L:
				alt_l = make;
				break;
			case ALT_R:
				alt_l = make;
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}

			if (make) { /* 忽略 Break Code */
				key |= shift_l	? FLAG_SHIFT_L	: 0;
				key |= shift_r	? FLAG_SHIFT_R	: 0;
				key |= ctrl_l	? FLAG_CTRL_L	: 0;
				key |= ctrl_r	? FLAG_CTRL_R	: 0;
				key |= alt_l	? FLAG_ALT_L	: 0;
				key |= alt_r	? FLAG_ALT_R	: 0;

				in_process(key);
			}
		}
	}
}

/*======================================================================*
			    get_byte_from_kbuf
 *======================================================================*/
PRIVATE u8 get_byte_from_kbuf()       /* 從鍵盤緩衝區中讀取下一個字節 */
{
        u8 scan_code;

        while (kb_in.count <= 0) {}   /* 等待下一個字節到來 */

        disable_int();
        scan_code = *(kb_in.p_tail);
        kb_in.p_tail++;
        if (kb_in.p_tail == kb_in.buf + KB_IN_BYTES) {
                kb_in.p_tail = kb_in.buf;
        }
        kb_in.count--;
        enable_int();

        return scan_code;
}

kernel/main.c

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                            main.c
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

#include "type.h"
#include "const.h"
#include "protect.h"
#include "proto.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "global.h"


/*======================================================================*
                            kernel_main
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC int kernel_main()
{
	disp_str("-----\"kernel_main\" begins-----\n");

	TASK*		p_task		= task_table;
	PROCESS*	p_proc		= proc_table;
	char*		p_task_stack	= task_stack + STACK_SIZE_TOTAL;
	u16		selector_ldt	= SELECTOR_LDT_FIRST;
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < NR_TASKS; i++) {
		strcpy(p_proc->p_name, p_task->name);	// name of the process
		p_proc->pid = i;			// pid

		p_proc->ldt_sel = selector_ldt;

		memcpy(&p_proc->ldts[0], &gdt[SELECTOR_KERNEL_CS >> 3],
		       sizeof(DESCRIPTOR));
		p_proc->ldts[0].attr1 = DA_C | PRIVILEGE_TASK << 5;
		memcpy(&p_proc->ldts[1], &gdt[SELECTOR_KERNEL_DS >> 3],
		       sizeof(DESCRIPTOR));
		p_proc->ldts[1].attr1 = DA_DRW | PRIVILEGE_TASK << 5;
		p_proc->regs.cs	= ((8 * 0) & SA_RPL_MASK & SA_TI_MASK)
			| SA_TIL | RPL_TASK;
		p_proc->regs.ds	= ((8 * 1) & SA_RPL_MASK & SA_TI_MASK)
			| SA_TIL | RPL_TASK;
		p_proc->regs.es	= ((8 * 1) & SA_RPL_MASK & SA_TI_MASK)
			| SA_TIL | RPL_TASK;
		p_proc->regs.fs	= ((8 * 1) & SA_RPL_MASK & SA_TI_MASK)
			| SA_TIL | RPL_TASK;
		p_proc->regs.ss	= ((8 * 1) & SA_RPL_MASK & SA_TI_MASK)
			| SA_TIL | RPL_TASK;
		p_proc->regs.gs	= (SELECTOR_KERNEL_GS & SA_RPL_MASK)
			| RPL_TASK;

		p_proc->regs.eip = (u32)p_task->initial_eip;
		p_proc->regs.esp = (u32)p_task_stack;
		p_proc->regs.eflags = 0x1202; /* IF=1, IOPL=1 */

		p_task_stack -= p_task->stacksize;
		p_proc++;
		p_task++;
		selector_ldt += 1 << 3;
	}

	proc_table[0].ticks = proc_table[0].priority = 15;
	proc_table[1].ticks = proc_table[1].priority =  5;
	proc_table[2].ticks = proc_table[2].priority =  3;

	k_reenter = 0;
	ticks = 0;

	p_proc_ready	= proc_table;

	init_clock();
        init_keyboard();

	restart();

	while(1){}
}

/*======================================================================*
                               TestA
 *======================================================================*/
void TestA()
{
	int i = 0;
	while (1) {
		/* disp_str("A."); */
		milli_delay(10);
	}
}

/*======================================================================*
                               TestB
 *======================================================================*/
void TestB()
{
	int i = 0x1000;
	while(1){
		/* disp_str("B."); */
		milli_delay(10);
	}
}

/*======================================================================*
                               TestB
 *======================================================================*/
void TestC()
{
	int i = 0x2000;
	while(1){
		/* disp_str("C."); */
		milli_delay(10);
	}
}

kernel/tty.c

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                               tty.c
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

#include "type.h"
#include "const.h"
#include "protect.h"
#include "proto.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "global.h"
#include "keyboard.h"


/*======================================================================*
                           task_tty
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void task_tty()
{
	while (1) {
		keyboard_read();
	}
}

/*======================================================================*
				in_process
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void in_process(u32 key)
{
        char output[2] = {'\0', '\0'};

        if (!(key & FLAG_EXT)) {
                output[0] = key & 0xFF;
                disp_str(output);
        }
}

lib/kliba.asm

; ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
;			       klib.asm
; ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
;							Forrest Yu, 2005
; ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

%include "sconst.inc"

; 導入全局變量
extern	disp_pos


[SECTION .text]

; 導出函數
global	disp_str
global	disp_color_str
global	out_byte
global	in_byte
global	enable_irq
global	disable_irq
global	enable_int
global	disable_int



; ========================================================================
;		   void disp_str(char * info);
; ========================================================================
disp_str:
	push	ebp
	mov	ebp, esp

	mov	esi, [ebp + 8]	; pszInfo
	mov	edi, [disp_pos]
	mov	ah, 0Fh
.1:
	lodsb
	test	al, al
	jz	.2
	cmp	al, 0Ah	; 是ENTER嗎?
	jnz	.3
	push	eax
	mov	eax, edi
	mov	bl, 160
	div	bl
	and	eax, 0FFh
	inc	eax
	mov	bl, 160
	mul	bl
	mov	edi, eax
	pop	eax
	jmp	.1
.3:
	mov	[gs:edi], ax
	add	edi, 2
	jmp	.1

.2:
	mov	[disp_pos], edi

	pop	ebp
	ret

; ========================================================================
;		   void disp_color_str(char * info, int color);
; ========================================================================
disp_color_str:
	push	ebp
	mov	ebp, esp

	mov	esi, [ebp + 8]	; pszInfo
	mov	edi, [disp_pos]
	mov	ah, [ebp + 12]	; color
.1:
	lodsb
	test	al, al
	jz	.2
	cmp	al, 0Ah	; 是ENTER嗎?
	jnz	.3
	push	eax
	mov	eax, edi
	mov	bl, 160
	div	bl
	and	eax, 0FFh
	inc	eax
	mov	bl, 160
	mul	bl
	mov	edi, eax
	pop	eax
	jmp	.1
.3:
	mov	[gs:edi], ax
	add	edi, 2
	jmp	.1

.2:
	mov	[disp_pos], edi

	pop	ebp
	ret

; ========================================================================
;		   void out_byte(u16 port, u8 value);
; ========================================================================
out_byte:
	mov	edx, [esp + 4]		; port
	mov	al, [esp + 4 + 4]	; value
	out	dx, al
	nop	; 一點延遲
	nop
	ret

; ========================================================================
;		   u8 in_byte(u16 port);
; ========================================================================
in_byte:
	mov	edx, [esp + 4]		; port
	xor	eax, eax
	in	al, dx
	nop	; 一點延遲
	nop
	ret

; ========================================================================
;		   void disable_irq(int irq);
; ========================================================================
; Disable an interrupt request line by setting an 8259 bit.
; Equivalent code:
;	if(irq < 8){
;		out_byte(INT_M_CTLMASK, in_byte(INT_M_CTLMASK) | (1 << irq));
;	}
;	else{
;		out_byte(INT_S_CTLMASK, in_byte(INT_S_CTLMASK) | (1 << irq));
;	}
disable_irq:
	mov	ecx, [esp + 4]		; irq
	pushf
	cli
	mov	ah, 1
	rol	ah, cl			; ah = (1 << (irq % 8))
	cmp	cl, 8
	jae	disable_8		; disable irq >= 8 at the slave 8259
disable_0:
	in	al, INT_M_CTLMASK
	test	al, ah
	jnz	dis_already		; already disabled?
	or	al, ah
	out	INT_M_CTLMASK, al	; set bit at master 8259
	popf
	mov	eax, 1			; disabled by this function
	ret
disable_8:
	in	al, INT_S_CTLMASK
	test	al, ah
	jnz	dis_already		; already disabled?
	or	al, ah
	out	INT_S_CTLMASK, al	; set bit at slave 8259
	popf
	mov	eax, 1			; disabled by this function
	ret
dis_already:
	popf
	xor	eax, eax		; already disabled
	ret

; ========================================================================
;		   void enable_irq(int irq);
; ========================================================================
; Enable an interrupt request line by clearing an 8259 bit.
; Equivalent code:
;	if(irq < 8){
;		out_byte(INT_M_CTLMASK, in_byte(INT_M_CTLMASK) & ~(1 << irq));
;	}
;	else{
;		out_byte(INT_S_CTLMASK, in_byte(INT_S_CTLMASK) & ~(1 << irq));
;	}
;
enable_irq:
	mov	ecx, [esp + 4]		; irq
	pushf
	cli
	mov	ah, ~1
	rol	ah, cl			; ah = ~(1 << (irq % 8))
	cmp	cl, 8
	jae	enable_8		; enable irq >= 8 at the slave 8259
enable_0:
	in	al, INT_M_CTLMASK
	and	al, ah
	out	INT_M_CTLMASK, al	; clear bit at master 8259
	popf
	ret
enable_8:
	in	al, INT_S_CTLMASK
	and	al, ah
	out	INT_S_CTLMASK, al	; clear bit at slave 8259
	popf
	ret

; ========================================================================
;		   void disable_int();
; ========================================================================
disable_int:
	cli
	ret

; ========================================================================
;		   void enable_int();
; ========================================================================
enable_int:
	sti
	ret

lib/klib.c

/*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                            klib.c
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
                                                    Forrest Yu, 2005
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*/

#include "type.h"
#include "const.h"
#include "protect.h"
#include "proto.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "proc.h"
#include "global.h"


/*======================================================================*
                               itoa
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC char * itoa(char * str, int num)/* 數字前面的 0 不被顯示出來, 比如 0000B800 被顯示成 B800 */
{
	char *	p = str;
	char	ch;
	int	i;
	int	flag = 0;

	*p++ = '0';
	*p++ = 'x';

	if(num == 0){
		*p++ = '0';
	}
	else{
		for(i=28;i>=0;i-=4){
			ch = (num >> i) & 0xF;
			if(flag || (ch > 0)){
				flag = 1;
				ch += '0';
				if(ch > '9'){
					ch += 7;
				}
				*p++ = ch;
			}
		}
	}

	*p = 0;

	return str;
}


/*======================================================================*
                               disp_int
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void disp_int(int input)
{
	char output[16];
	itoa(output, input);
	disp_str(output);
}

/*======================================================================*
                               delay
 *======================================================================*/
PUBLIC void delay(int time)
{
	int i, j, k;
	for(k=0;k<time;k++){
		/*for(i=0;i<10000;i++){	for Virtual PC	*/
		for(i=0;i<10;i++){/*	for Bochs	*/
			for(j=0;j<10000;j++){}
		}
	}
}

Makefile

#########################
# Makefile for Orange'S #
#########################

# Entry point of Orange'S
# It must have the same value with 'KernelEntryPointPhyAddr' in load.inc!
ENTRYPOINT	= 0x30400

# Offset of entry point in kernel file
# It depends on ENTRYPOINT
ENTRYOFFSET	=   0x400

# Programs, flags, etc.
ASM		= nasm
DASM		= ndisasm
CC		= gcc
LD		= ld
ASMBFLAGS	= -I boot/include/
ASMKFLAGS	= -I include/ -f elf
CFLAGS		= -I include/ -m32 -c -fno-builtin -fno-stack-protector
LDFLAGS		= -s  -melf_i386 -Ttext $(ENTRYPOINT)
DASMFLAGS	= -u -o $(ENTRYPOINT) -e $(ENTRYOFFSET)

# This Program
ORANGESBOOT	= boot/boot.bin boot/loader.bin
ORANGESKERNEL	= kernel.bin
OBJS		= kernel/kernel.o kernel/syscall.o kernel/start.o kernel/main.o kernel/clock.o\
			kernel/i8259.o kernel/global.o kernel/protect.o kernel/proc.o\
			lib/kliba.o lib/klib.o lib/string.o
DASMOUTPUT	= kernel.bin.asm

# All Phony Targets
.PHONY : everything final image clean realclean disasm all buildimg

# Default starting position
nop :
	@echo "why not \`make image' huh? :)"

everything : $(ORANGESBOOT) $(ORANGESKERNEL)

all : realclean everything

image : realclean everything clean buildimg

clean :
	rm -f $(OBJS)

realclean :
	rm -f $(OBJS) $(ORANGESBOOT) $(ORANGESKERNEL)

disasm :
	$(DASM) $(DASMFLAGS) $(ORANGESKERNEL) > $(DASMOUTPUT)

# We assume that "a.img" exists in current folder
buildimg :
	mkdir tmp
	sleep 1
	sudo mount -o loop a.img tmp
	sleep 1
	sudo cp -fv boot/loader.bin tmp
	sudo cp -fv kernel.bin tmp
	sleep 1
	sudo umount tmp
	sleep 1
	rmdir tmp

boot/boot.bin : boot/boot.asm boot/include/load.inc boot/include/fat12hdr.inc
	$(ASM) $(ASMBFLAGS) -o $@ $<

boot/loader.bin : boot/loader.asm boot/include/load.inc boot/include/fat12hdr.inc boot/include/pm.inc
	$(ASM) $(ASMBFLAGS) -o $@ $<

$(ORANGESKERNEL) : $(OBJS)
	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(ORANGESKERNEL) $(OBJS)

kernel/kernel.o : kernel/kernel.asm include/sconst.inc
	$(ASM) $(ASMKFLAGS) -o $@ $<

kernel/syscall.o : kernel/syscall.asm include/sconst.inc
	$(ASM) $(ASMKFLAGS) -o $@ $<

kernel/start.o: kernel/start.c include/type.h include/const.h include/protect.h include/string.h include/proc.h include/proto.h \
			include/global.h
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

kernel/main.o: kernel/main.c include/type.h include/const.h include/protect.h include/string.h include/proc.h include/proto.h \
			include/global.h
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

kernel/clock.o: kernel/clock.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

kernel/i8259.o: kernel/i8259.c include/type.h include/const.h include/protect.h include/proto.h
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

kernel/global.o: kernel/global.c include/type.h include/const.h include/protect.h include/proc.h \
			include/global.h include/proto.h
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

kernel/protect.o: kernel/protect.c include/type.h include/const.h include/protect.h include/proc.h include/proto.h \
			include/global.h
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

kernel/proc.o: kernel/proc.c
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

lib/klib.o: lib/klib.c include/type.h include/const.h include/protect.h include/string.h include/proc.h include/proto.h \
			include/global.h
	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

lib/kliba.o : lib/kliba.asm
	$(ASM) $(ASMKFLAGS) -o $@ $<

lib/string.o : lib/string.asm
	$(ASM) $(ASMKFLAGS) -o $@ $<
執行結果

目錄結構


.
├── a.img
├── boot
│   ├── boot.asm
│   ├── include
│   │   ├── fat12hdr.inc
│   │   ├── load.inc
│   │   └── pm.inc
│   └── loader.asm
├── include
│   ├── const.h
│   ├── global.h
│   ├── keyboard.h
│   ├── keymap.h
│   ├── proc.h
│   ├── protect.h
│   ├── proto.h
│   ├── sconst.inc
│   ├── string.h
│   └── type.h
├── kernel
│   ├── clock.c
│   ├── global.c
│   ├── i8259.c
│   ├── kernel.asm
│   ├── keyboard.c
│   ├── main.c
│   ├── proc.c
│   ├── protect.c
│   ├── start.c
│   ├── syscall.asm
│   └── tty.c
└── lib
    ├── kliba.asm
    ├── klib.c
    └── string.asm

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